Research Article
An Analysis of Household Borrowing Behavior: Evidence on Institutional Choice, Mobile Money, and Credit Demand Drivers in Ethiopia
Tesema Tadesse Milkano*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
98-115
Received:
21 April 2026
Accepted:
3 June 2026
Published:
8 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ib.20260102.11
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Abstract: This study investigates household borrowing behavior in Ethiopia using data from the 2025 Global Findex Survey. The analysis employs Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) to examine five financial inclusion outcomes: mobile money account ownership, receipt of mobile money credit, formal borrowing, borrowing from friends and family, and participation in informal savings groups (iqub/ROSCAs). The results reveal a segmented financial ecosystem in which access to financial services is shaped by education, borrowing purpose, and demographic characteristics. Mobile money account ownership is strongly associated with higher educational attainment, active saving behavior, urban residence, and female gender, while age and income exert relatively limited effects. In contrast, receipt of mobile money credit is only weakly related to socioeconomic characteristics and is primarily associated with health- and business-related borrowing needs, suggesting that digital credit functions mainly as a liquidity management tool. Formal borrowing is driven largely by business-related financing needs rather than demographic factors, indicating that formal financial institutions primarily support productive investments. Borrowing from friends and family serves as a key source of financing for health, food, and business expenditures, highlighting the continued importance of informal networks in household risk management and consumption smoothing. Participation in informal savings groups is more common among younger individuals and is positively. Therefore, expanding digital financial inclusion, strengthening access to formal credit, and leveraging informal financial institutions as complementary channels could contribute to a more inclusive and resilient financial system.
Abstract: This study investigates household borrowing behavior in Ethiopia using data from the 2025 Global Findex Survey. The analysis employs Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) to examine five financial inclusion outcomes: mobile money account ownership, receipt of mobile money credit, formal borrowing, borrowing from friends and family, and pa...
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Research Article
Leveraging Vocational Business Counseling as Pathway for Revitalizing Nigerian Economy
Francis Uche Ukaike*,
Solomon Gabriel,
Adewuyi Lydia Aduke
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
116-124
Received:
7 March 2026
Accepted:
25 March 2026
Published:
27 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ib.20260102.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study examined vocational business counselling as pathway for revitalising the Nigerian economy. Despite Nigeria’s vast human and natural resources, inadequate vocational orientation and limited structured career guidance have constrained productive engagement, particularly among youths. A descriptive survey design. The sample comprised 146 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to address the research objectives, while multiple regression, independent samples t-test, and chi-square analyses were employed to test three null hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. Overall, respondents strongly agreed that vocational business counselling significantly contributes to revitalizing the economy (Mean = 3.58), enhancing skill proficiency, promoting entrepreneurship, and strengthening human capital (Grand Mean = 3.51). The findings reinforce systems-based career development perspectives, positioning vocational business counselling as a critical bridge between education, skill acquisition, and national productivity. The study concludes that vocational business counselling is a critical strategic instrument for revitalising Nigeria’s national economy. By equipping individuals with informed career decision-making skills, enhancing competency development, and promoting self-employment, vocational counselling strengthens human capital and labour market efficiency. The study recommended that Government should establish structured vocational counselling centres nationwide, that vocational counselling should be integrated into school curricula at all levels that community-based counselling frameworks should be strengthened, that media platforms should promote vocational awareness campaigns and parents should actively support vocational orientation from early childhood.
Abstract: This study examined vocational business counselling as pathway for revitalising the Nigerian economy. Despite Nigeria’s vast human and natural resources, inadequate vocational orientation and limited structured career guidance have constrained productive engagement, particularly among youths. A descriptive survey design. The sample comprised 146 re...
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